No, I get your point. It's an absolutist viewpoint. But it's not representative of reality.
I ask a girl out, she says no, I end up sad for a day or two.
- I made a decision to ask her out, believing I had something to offer.
- She made a decision to say no, based on her assessment of me.
Who is at fault for the outcome of me being sad? We both are. I absolutely am - I put myself in that position, and overestimated myself. Maybe I could have dressed nicer, ate better and worked out more often, etc. But she is also partly responsible for the outcome. There is no absolutes in this game; maybe she already has a boyfriend or is a lesbian and I just didn't know. Or maybe she's a stuck up bitch, or doesn't like nerdy white guys, or maybe she's just holding out for someone better.
In isolation this is a bad example. But if the same thing happens over and over, then it's worth looking at. Your hypothetical hands out to the .Gov person might blame the girls 100%, in which case he's just a narcissist. Inability to see one's flaws leads to a lot of negative outcomes.
Most normal people would realize they either need to improve themselves or ask out different people.
Much the same can be applied to jobs, school, everything. There are a lot of decisions made by other people that have direct impact on the outcome. We as people have control over much of the process, but not all of it.
The extreme event examples you've given are vastly different. Getting killed by a meteor is misfortune; nobody (well, almost nobody) would blame someone else for that. The "victims" of Hurricane Katrina put themselves into a very vulnerable position - below sea level in an area that has been hit by hurricanes as long as people have lived there (and presumably much, much longer). They (as a group, as well the government entities which allowed/enabled them to live there in the first place) hold most of the fault. But there isn't a place in this country that isn't susceptible to some form of major disruption - earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, drought, blizzards/avalanches, etc. Should we as a people just shrug our shoulders and say "sucks to be them, I'm smart enough to not put myself in that position!"? I prefer to think not.